Mushrooms, which have tens of hundreds of sorts world wide, are meals with a really excessive dietary worth. They’re the perfect recognized supply of vegetable protein and various to meat. Mushrooms, that are particularly wealthy in protein and iron, include nutritional vitamins A, B, D, P and Okay, in addition to calcium, potassium, phosphorus and copper minerals.
The primary recognized situations of individuals consuming mushrooms date again to 200 or 300 B.C. Mushrooms had been first cultivated in France within the sixteenth century. Edible mushrooms, which develop spontaneously in nature and depend upon seasons, are an necessary nutrient supply for folks in rural areas.
A lot of the mushrooms consumed in lots of nations of the world in addition to in Türkiye are collected from nature. Nevertheless, the truth that some pure mushrooms are toxic, and can’t be simply distinguished from the edible varieties, leads points might even trigger loss of life.
Mushrooms are wholesome meals choices as a result of they’re supply of protein, don’t include ldl cholesterol, have fibrillary buildings, are wealthy in nutritional vitamins and minerals, and a few of them include beta-glucans, one of many bioactive molecules, in accordance with “Mushrooms: Cultivation, Dietary Worth, Medicinal Impact, and Environmental Impression” by Philip G. Miles and Shu-ting Chang. With the rise within the demand for wholesome and protected meals on the planet, mushroom cultivation has became an necessary trade department and pure mushroom choosing has grow to be a enjoyable and money-making exercise. Particularly in rural areas, low-cost manufacturing and assortment from nature generally is a supply of revenue for some households.
Mushrooms boast greater than 100,000 species and their sizes range. Since fungi are primarily spore-reproducing (cryptogamous) organisms. The a part of them that seems above the bottom is definitely the fruit of the fungi designed to unfold the spores.
Mushrooms are additionally used for a wide range of functions. Reishi mushrooms are essentially the most well-known mushroom used for medical therapy. It’s a kind of mushroom that has been utilized in conventional Far Japanese medication for hundreds of years, and its essence is consumed as a liquid. The principle options of Reishi, a pure fungus that grows on the roots and trunks of timber, are to wash the blood, strengthen the immune system and scale back nervous pressure.
Along with their advantages for human well being, mushrooms additionally give life to nature. Fungi, which function the digestive system of forests, are of nice ecological significance as decomposers that present the nutrient cycle.
So, after a short introduction allow us to check out mushrooms that develop and are consumed on the planet, significantly in Türkiye.
Black truffles
Black truffles are utilized in many dishes, together with sauces or seasoning, in addition to in specialty butter. Additionally they have a really particular place within the beauty trade. The worth of truffles, that are one of many organic riches of Türkiye and also called “black diamonds,” is growing day-to-day. It is likely one of the most costly edible mushrooms on the planet. Truffles develop naturally within the Mediterranean climatic zone, together with Spain, France, Italy and Türkiye.
Cultivated
The cultivated mushroom, or agaricus bisporus, is essentially the most farmed and consumed mushroom species on the planet. They’re the most typical fungi that you’re prone to come throughout and are thus continuously included in recipes. This species loves moist and heat environments and might develop in forests, fields and grassy areas each in bunches and alone. It’s potential to seek out this mushroom species, which might be seen in several areas of Türkiye, in markets and bazaars. Being fully white in shade, it may be simply distinguished from different mushroom species.
Shiitake
Shiitake mushroom, which is included in the preferred recipes of Far Japanese nations and offered at very excessive costs, can be referred to as the Black Forest mushroom. It likes humid and heat climates and is discovered on the backside of deciduous timber akin to mulberrys, oaks and chestnuts. They’re comparable in look to cultivated mushrooms however have a darkish brown hue. This species is taken into account a medicinal mushroom in some types of conventional medication. It’s an edible mushroom native to East Asia, however is now cultivated and consumed across the globe. It grows within the Black Sea, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean areas of Türkiye. It’s the second most cultivated mushroom species on the planet.
Oyster
One of the vital scrumptious forms of mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, also called hiratake or pearl oyster mushrooms, are indispensable for scrumptious recipes. This sort of mushroom, which vegans and vegetarians take into account as one of many meals closest to meat, grows in moist locations. It has a tender, white fibrous look underneath its darkish, broad and flat head. It’s particularly widespread to seek out within the spring and autumn seasons.
Yellow morel
Morchella esculenta is thought by many alternative names, the most typical of that are the widespread morel, yellow morel, morel mushroom, and sponge morel. It grows in nearly all coastal areas of Türkiye. It is usually referred to as a medicinal mushroom resulting from its therapeutic results. It has a wrinkled look, in contrast to the standard mushroom species, the top and stem are usually not clearly separated. It is likely one of the most readily acknowledged of all of the edible mushrooms and is extremely wanted. Specialists advocate consuming morel mushrooms to stability blood sugar. It is usually an necessary useful resource for the pharmaceutical trade because the extract of the morel mushroom is used within the manufacture of varied drugs. It shouldn’t be eaten uncooked as it may well trigger numerous allergic reactions.
Orange milkcap
Recognized in Türkiye as “kanlıca mushroom,” the lactarius deterrimus is extensively known as the false saffron milkcap or orange milkcap. It’s a quite common, scrumptious and economically worthwhile mushroom within the western Black Sea Area of Türkiye, particularly in Taşköprü and Tosya districts of northern Kastamonu and Bolu provinces. It grows after autumn rains, and its shade turns into darker in locations with pine timber. It’s typically consumed by frying or sauteeing in oil.
Wooden blewit
Clitocybe nuda, generally referred to as the wooden blewit, might be present in Türkiye with the names “blue cincile” in Bolu or “purple mushroom” round Karaman. It provides off a really good scent the place it grows. It ought to by no means be eaten uncooked as it may well trigger delicate poisoning or abdomen issues. It’s scrumptious when sauteed in butter, in pasta sauce or when barbecued. Once more within the Bolu area, it’s typically used whereas getting ready pastries and soup.
