College traits
All six colleges contacted agreed to take part within the examine. Two colleges had been situated in an space with very excessive socioeconomic standing, two had been on the excessive degree, and the opposite two had been on the reasonable degree. There aren’t any college situated within the low socioeconomic space in Jakarta. The variety of college students ranged from 111 to 541 per college. Usually, the colleges had no or just one trainer educated in vitamin and well being schooling, normally the PE trainer or the trainer in cost on the college well being submit. Each of the colleges situated within the reasonable socioeconomic standing (SES) have one trainer educated in vitamin and well being schooling, nonetheless solely one of many two colleges situated within the excessive and really excessive SES have such trainer. Two of the 4 public colleges noticed on this examine shared buildings, sports activities fields and canteens with different colleges. One other college shared the constructing/space with an orphanage. Desk 1 describes the traits of the colleges.
Meals entry and availability
Desk 2 presents the meals entry and availability of every college primarily based on parts 2 and three of the PSEA instrument. All colleges have a college canteen inside their premises, which is open in accordance with the college operation time. No wholesome canteen pointers existed in any of the colleges. All the canteens served a breakfast menu, and the preferred meals decisions had been rice-based meals (e.g., fried rice, coconut rice, turmeric rice), fried/on the spot noodles/vermicelli, candy breads/buns, spaghetti, and numerous deep-fried snacks. One public college canteen had vegetable soup on their menu. Sugar-sweetened drinks and on the spot (sachet) drinks had been essentially the most favourite drinks among the many college students in all colleges.
Virtually all canteens had fruits or greens on their menu. Nevertheless, the canteen workers in all colleges remarked that fruits or greens weren’t standard among the many college students. One canteen in a non-public college by no means provided wholesome meal choices to the scholars due to the thought that nobody goes to purchase them. When the canteen workers was requested about nutritious diet promotion within the menu, two canteens of the 4 public colleges talked about that they offered a wholesome meal as a particular menu of the day that’s promoted sometimes. Not one of the two personal college’s canteens ever promoted a nutritious diet. The 2 colleges in reasonable SES space admitted selling wholesome meal in each day foundation, whereas these in greater SES degree solely sometimes or by no means had promotion.
“There are greens every single day, equivalent to bean sprouts, mustard greens and tofu, and typically spinach. The youngsters’s favourite meal is crispy rooster”
Canteen workers (college 5).
The canteen workers perceived wholesome meals as these with out excessive content material of sugar and salt, however nonetheless most popular by kids. This is able to be tough as kids love sugary and savory meals. We discovered that sugar-sweetened drinks and fried meals had been extremely standard.
“What’s considered is that the snacks bought within the canteen, the food and drinks itself, have to be wholesome, not excessive in sugar and salt, kids prefer it, however ought to consider the spices and the containers used.”
Canteen workers (college 6).
The meals costs on this examine are reported in United States (US) {dollars} and cents. Rice-based meals normally value lower than one greenback, whereas the price for snacks (e.g., chips, crackers, number of deep-fried snacks, sweets, and chocolate) was even decrease (< 15 cents). Fruit prices roughly 7 cents, and fruit juices (with added sugar) prices greater (roughly 70 cents). The bottled (600 mL) mineral water prices 15 cents, whereas the prices for sugar-sweetened drinks and on the spot drinks had been barely greater, roughly 20 cents.
College canteens had been frequently inspected by the native public well being facilities (Puskesmas). Some (2/6) had been additionally inspected by the Indonesian Meals and Drug Company. Inspections additionally included the road meals distributors within the surrounding space. All of the canteen workers thought-about that routine inspection by the Puskesmas was enough to take care of the hygiene and high quality of the canteen. Not one of the inspections took discover of the meals variation and vitamin high quality, as their most important concern was to look at meals hygiene and cleanliness. Catering companies from exterior sources had been additionally non-obligatory in some colleges (3/6), particularly within the personal colleges. These companies had been normally organized by mother and father or a former trainer. This exterior meals supply was offered at an extra cost to the scholars. The catering service offered an entire lunch field consists of rice, meat/rooster, greens, fruit, and dessert (e.g., ice cream/probiotic drinks).
Virtually all colleges had quick access to avenue distributors. Just one college didn’t have entry to avenue distributors as a result of it’s situated in a slim alley, which restricted the distributors’ entry to the college setting. Most faculties (5/6) didn’t have strict regulation that forbade their college students to purchase meals from avenue distributors, however one personal college banned their college students’ entry to avenue distributors.
“We have no idea if the meals outdoors the college is wholesome or not; we by no means ask. We solely know in regards to the meals contained in the fence. “
Deep-fried meals, ice cream, and sugar-sweetened drinks had been the commonest meals provided by the road distributors. The worth for these meals was even decrease than the meals bought within the college canteen. As a result of avenue distributors normally promote meals in carts or a bicycle, they will simply come and go and thus are capable of keep away from inspection from authorities.
College insurance policies and setting in wholesome consuming
College insurance policies and setting in wholesome consuming is offered in Desk 3 primarily based on parts 4 to eight of the PSEA instrument. All college headmasters claimed to have a written coverage that actively promotes wholesome consuming to college students, which primarily built-in matters about wholesome consuming inside the nationwide college curriculum, equivalent to in a pure science lesson. Two of the general public colleges and one of many personal colleges had extra program, equivalent to having a weekly fruit day or weekly wholesome breakfast and providing consuming breakfast along with all college students and lecturers. Some colleges (3/6) additionally claimed to manage the kind of meals that ought to be accessible within the canteen or within the pupil’s lunch field and offered info on wholesome meals and consuming. Lecturers delivered the messages by announcement within the class. Nonetheless, virtually all colleges admitted that they don’t strictly monitor the implementation of those laws.
The headmasters and PE lecturers used the variety of college students who introduced lunch field from house as a parameter to measure the effectiveness of the coverage on vitamin, therefore 5 colleges claimed that the coverage had been efficient. One public college headmaster admitted that the laws had been ineffective as a result of the canteen is usually totally occupied with mother and father who wait for his or her kids; thus the youngsters get meals from the road distributors as an alternative. Nevertheless, he acknowledged that the colleges already deliberate to implement a brand new technique the next college yr.
“Beginning subsequent college yr, the youngsters are required to deliver meals from house, so their meals is clear, they be taught to be calm, they usually would not wish to purchase meals from the avenue distributors as typically.”
Headmaster of the 4 public-schools situated in reasonable and excessive SES space claimed that they positioned a excessive or very excessive precedence on the promotion of wholesome consuming. These priorities had been proven by the presence of nutritious diet posters round college and the implementation of wholesome consuming practices at sure occasions. Two different colleges additionally offered well being schooling in collaboration with the native public well being middle. Nonetheless, each personal colleges within the very excessive SES space assumed wholesome consuming was a low precedence.
All headmasters and PE lecturers thought-about lecturers to be a great position mannequin in wholesome consuming for college students. Lecturers normally introduced their very own lunchbox, selected more healthy meals from the canteen menu, promoted a wholesome lunchbox to college students, and reminded college students to not purchase meals from the road distributors. They had been additionally in settlement that folks are essential components and really supportive towards selling wholesome consuming, particularly for motivating college students to deliver lunch from house.
Bodily actions coverage and setting
Bodily exercise was promoted by PE as a obligatory topic within the nationwide college curriculum. Nevertheless, solely two colleges (1 public and 1 personal) had a written regulation about bodily exercise (Desk 3). Period of bodily schooling in public colleges was longer than in personal colleges. All colleges had sports activities fields and offered sports activities tools for the scholars. Nevertheless, some colleges (2/6) acknowledged the necessity of sports activities subject for the scholars as the colleges are surrounded by streets by which many automobiles passing by.
“The play space outdoors the constructing or college may be very insufficient as a result of it is stuffed with merchants promoting, even when there aren’t any merchants the place can be not appropriate as a play space contemplating that many automobiles move by”
Additionally they inspired college students to take part in sports activities competitors and bodily actions. One public college motivated its college students to stroll or use bicycles to high school. All PE lecturers asserted that the bodily exercise coverage had been fairly efficient of their colleges, as proven by the attainment of awards in some sports activities competitions in addition to a lot of college students who stroll from house to high school. 5 colleges rated their lecturers as being an excellent position mannequin in bodily actions by their frequent involvement within the college students’ bodily actions. One of many personal colleges held month-to-month occasions for trainer–pupil bodily actions.
